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1. Gerovital-H3,
its regenerative effects
2. Gerovital-H3, anti-depressant effects
3. Gerovital-H3
creator Ana Aslan's life
4. Gerovital-H3 treatment in osteoarthritis
5. Old
age humoral dismetabolism
Old age humoral
dismetabolism
by Mircea Dumitru, MD, Ph.D.
to order GH3
The functions of an aging individual show in the
totality of the changes of the metabolic and neurohormonal modulation.
The dominant feature in elderly people is a great
liability under stressful conditions', as a consequence there is a decrease in
the total water content of the body and hydroelectrolytic turnover, as well as
cellular and humoral dysmetabolisms. Advancing age brings about a general
anabolic deficit, a reduction of tolerance of carbohydrates, an increasing in
biochemical values of lipids and hemocoagulation components, and a diminution of
the cellular energetic potential. Each of the functions having its own
development and aging time-table.
Gerovital-H3 has a positive effect on the cell
metabolism and on the cell membrane. There are studies where the emphasis was
placed on Gerovital-H3 intervention in the intermediate metabolism favoring ATP
synthesis (1). This hypothesis was based on the discrepancy between the
favorable trophic effect and the reduced O2 consumption. This finding seems to
point out procaine similarity with antioxidative abilities. Since 1962, Ficher
and Klotz (2) insisted on procaine's antioxidative effect. Other studies carried
out on yeast (3) pointed out procaine action on the enzymes involved in
oxireduction. Research on liver homogenate revealed procaine intervention on
oxidative phosphorilation of glucidic metabolism (4).
ENERGETIC METABOLISM
Energetic Metabolism undergoes modifications
during the life cycle at the level of energy production, storage, transformation
and liberation.
The cell oxygen consumption decreases
progressively with age:
At the age of 20: a man's basal metabolism is of
42.5 1.6 cal/sq.m./h; A female's metabolism is of 36.7 2.7 cal./sq. m./h.
At the age of 40: a man's metabolism is of 38 2.9
cal./sq.m./h and 35.9 2 cal./sq.m./h. in females.
However, this diminution of the cellular oxygen
consumption is neither regular nor uniform; as a compensation, while tissular
activity of oxidative phosphorylation decreases, the glycolytic activity
increases and some anaerobic energy-generating processes are intensified.
The reduction of the energetic potential is
brought about by the diminution in the number and volume of the mitochondria, of
the oxidation substrate and of respiratory enzymes. Unlike other structures, the
heart tissue shows an accentuation of oxidative and phosphorylating couplings.
The low capacity of an aging organism in pathological conditions reflects the
low energetic potential of the cells.
The controversial results of the studies on basal
metabolism in the elderly depend on the normal and pathological factors that may
influence it. The elderly's physical state, the muscle activity one develops, as
well as one's bone pathology, neuromuscular coordination, psychological state
and integument's aging degree may influence on production or loss of heat.
With the advance in age, in parallel to the
decrease of oxygen consumption, we also may see modifications of the
thermoregulation. In conditions of average temperature, the body maintains
constant temperature even in advanced ages. However, it presents difficulties
for its adaptation to extreme temperatures. As the years pass by, as a
consequence of a poorer blood flow in the skin, temperature records has a
tendency to decrease, so that the response to the low environmental temperatures
will be slower. On the other hand, by the integument aging through atrophy,
dryness, reduced elasticity and modifications of the capillaries structure, this
diminishes the capacity of water elimination through the skin, explaining the
elderly's difficulty of adaptation to caloric stress.
LIPID METABOLISM
The normal indicators of the lipids metabolism
inscribe themselves on a curve with maximum values in the 6th and 7th decades of
life. In long-lived people, biochemical constants are significantly equal to
those of young adults. Directly related to the quantity of cholesterol, total
blood lipids increase at the age of 70 as compared to the values recorded at 30
years. The increase is especially on account of the esterified cholesterol (low
density) and of the cholesterol bound to beta-lipoproteins (with a tropism to
the vascular wall). The relation of lecithin to cholesterol decreases. Kurth's
studies (5) on procaine action on the lipids metabolism recorded favorable
results in atherosclerotic subjects in whom the function of the cell membrane
was corrected. Also, the arteriosclerotic dysproteinemias became normal as a
result of procaine administration. The author noticed the clearing of serum as
well as the decrease of cholesterol levels.
In order to point out the antiatherogenous action
of Gerovital-H3, Aslan carried out a study on 25 subjects aged 72-90 to procaine
treatment for 4-11 years (1); an equal number of patients were used as controls.
The author studied lipoprotein lipase activity in vitro as well as different
lipids-fractions after both heparin injections and the activation of the
endogenous lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein lipase activity reached the average
values 13.01 2.01 in the treated subjects, as against 8.75 1.77 in the controls
(the normal value is 15 1.6). An obvious dislocation of the lipoproteins
fractions was noticed after the heparin injection, with the modification of the
beta/alpha-lipoprotein gradient (80% in the treated subjects, as against 15% in
the controls). The modifications of the coefficient beta/alpha specific to the
post-heparin lipoproteins tallied with the lipoprotein lipase enzymatic activity
in vitro.
The inference maybe thus drawn is that one of the
important links in the atherosclerotic dyslipoidosis chain is also subjected to
the eutrophic treatment with Gerovital-H3. This data may be correlated with the
reduced number of trombotic accidents in aged subjects treated with
Gerovital-H3.
Comparative studies on Gerovital-H3 and procaine
action carried out by Greppy and Sgardigli (6) showed the higher efficiency of
Gerovital-H3. Gordon and colleagues (7,8) conducted comparative studies on
American procaine and Gerovital-H3. The experiments revealed too the higher
efficiency of Gerovital-H3.
PROTEIN METABOLISM
Enzymatic structures and protein biochemistry
undergo modifications in elderly people. Quantitative modifications are noted in
the activity of monoaminooxydase (MAO), aldolase, myosin, adenosine-triphosphatase
and phosphofructokinase. Studies published (9,10) draw attention to the
modification induced by aging in the enzymatic activity of the nerve cell as
well as to the intervention of procaine at this level. The increased MAO
activity could play an important role in the biochemical modifications induced
by aging and depressive states. Depressive states have been correlated with the
reduction of central amines (11) which is due to the increase of MAO. The anti
depressive effect of Procaine (Gerovital-H3) has been pointed out by Bucci and
Saunders (12), Siggelkow (13), Cambel (14), MacFarlane (9,10), Zung (15) and
other researchers.
The total contents of seric proteins remain
unchanged. A modification in the ratio of albumin to globulin will be observed:
from 1.38 0.03 at the age of 25 it becomes 1.02 0.02 at the age of 75.
Quantitative modifications are observed in the
protein contents of muscles, brain and liver. The net muscle mass decreases.
Cytoplasm proteins tend to form inactive complexes, so that the fibrils protein
structures increase. A diminution of active protoplasmic mass, and along with
it, a reduction of the total potassium content of the body will be observed.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Carbohydrate Metabolism presents two important
phenomena in the aged:
1. The accentuation of the anaerobic phase of
glycolyse, and in consequence the diminution of oxidative phosphorilation
processes;
2. The reduction of the tolerance to glucose.
The aspects related to the statement of a
tolerance reduction to glucose with the advance in age, and to the physiological
or physiopathological mechanisms which lead to this situation are not yet
completely elucidated. It was considered that there is a "real"
decrease of the tolerance to glucose with the advance in age, in both sexes,
this being shown by glycemia (fasting blood sugar) and by dynamic tests. Some
researchers consider that for each decade of age after 50, the fasting blood
sugar increases by 1 to 2mg./dl., and postprandial blood sugar increases by 5 to
6 mg./dl.
There are four age-related factors that are
incriminated in bringing about modifications in Carbohydrate Metabolism.
·An inadequate Insulin Input;
·Decrease of the body net muscle mass;
·Increase of the adipose mass tissue, and
·Reduction of the cell sensitivity to Insulin independently of any effect of
adiposity.
It is considered that previous estimation as to
the influence of age upon the decrease of the tolerance to glucose have been
exaggerated, as it is not taking into account among other parameters, the
correlation of diabetes mellitus, overweight and other existing chronic
diseases.
However, the correlation between fasting blood
sugar and advance in age was statistically proved, considering the modifications
due to overweight.
As years pass by, a slight unbalance will be
observed in the glucose homeostasis. However, this is not an absolute rule and
it is more or less accentuated by the frequent association of chronic diseases
and obesity.
THE INADEQUATE INSULIN INPUT
A reduced insulin secretion has been initially
considered as an important factor in reducing the tolerance to glucose in the
elderly.
This opinion is being revised today considering
the following:
·Most of the studies show that the advance in
age does not lead to reducing the insulin liberation by a stimulation with
glucose;
It has even been demonstrated that plasmatic
insulin concentration increase in the old, whence it may be deducted that their
intolerance to glucose could be determined by a diminished capacity of plasmatic
insulin to stimulate the utilization of plasmatic glucose. It is also supposed
that there may be a deficient insulin metabolization- a supposition based on
data showing a diminution with age of the plasmatic insulin clearance.
REDUCTION OF THE BODY NET MUSCLE MASS
With the advance in age, a correlation has been
stated between a reduction of the muscle mass and the reduced tolerance to
glucose.
INCREASE OF THE ADIPOSE TISSUE
It is known that the process of hypertrophy and
hyperplasia at the adipocyte level is accompanied by a reduced
insulin-receptivity, but the inner mechanism by which obesity is determining it
is not explained. On the other hand, during the aging process an increased
frequency of obesity is observed. However, replacement of the muscle-mass by
adipose tissue takes place even if the body weight remains unchanged. Specific
transformation in the adipose tissue, associated to above mentioned, may
cooperate in modifying the glucidic homeostasis.
DECREASE OF THE CELL SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN
It was emitted the hypothesis that, with age
there might exist a decrease of the cell sensitivity to insulin in the target
organs, independently of the degree of obesity.
However, there is not sufficient proof to support
this hypothesis which is contradicted by the fact that it is a normal
sensitivity to insulin associated to a normal tolerance to orally administered
glucose.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the above considerations it may
be said that:
·Glucidic homeostasis is not necessarily
modified by the aging process.
·When glucidic homeostasis appears to be
modified by the aging process, a modification manifested by a reduced tolerance
to glucose and apparition of the age-related hyperglycemic syndrome, there may
exist a loss of the insulin normal action "in vivo".
A parallel drawn between diabetes mellitus and
the aging process suggests that diabetes mellitus could represent a model for
the latter and some common elements being observed:
·The rigidity of the arterial wall;
·An increased incidence of coronary atherosclerosis;
·The thickening of the basal membrane of the capillaries;
·Anomalies of lipids metabolism.
Gerovital-H3, as an intact molecule, and through
diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) and paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) intervenes in the
metabolic regulation.
According to Laborit (16), substances having this
type of action, play an important role in the cellular reactivating, and thus we
may deduce an enhancement of activity at the cellular level leads to improved
energy levels.
DISCLAIMER; ALL INFORMATION IS
EDUCATIONAL AND SHOULD NOT REPLACE THE ADVICE OF YOUR PHYSICIAN.
The above article is copyrighted and may not be
copied without the written permission of International Antiaging Systems, Les
Autelets Suite A, Sark GY9 0SF, Channel Islands, UK.
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